Childhood Obesity: Causes
When I was a kid, eating out was a treat. My widowed mother worked full-time to make ends meet. We didn't have a great deal of disposable income and there was no such thing as an allowance. Our reality of eating out was a trip to the local burger chain a few times a month. Most of the time, my mother made dinner. Her home-cooked meals were not always the healthiest, by today's standards, but they were always balanced.
I ate white bread, cheese, bacon, butter and excessive amounts of sugar for quite some time. My saving grace: lots of physical activity. I had recess and gym during school. Played with friends after school. Admittedly, I watched copious amounts of television at night but it all seemed to balance out; at least until I hit my late teens when I became more sedentary without changing my eating habits. Eventually, I put on weight.
Most of our children are obese because they're eating too much of the wrong foods and are not getting enough exercise. And at the core of the matter are issues of accessibility, convenience and culture. As a society, we have unprecedented access to fast food restaurants and convenience stores. Low-income and urban neighborhoods tend to have a disproportionate number of fast food chains and convenience stores specializing in fried foods, burgers and high-calorie snacks.
While access to fast and junk food is high, the availability of healthier food options, whole foods, fruits and vegetables is limited, especially in lower-income neighborhoods. It comes as no surprise to me that low-income black and Hispanic children have higher rates of obesity than children of other ethnic groups.
Cost as a Barrier
Research done at the University of Washington a few years ago found that calorie for calorie, junk foods cost less than fruits and vegetables. "If you have $3 to feed yourself, you are going to gravitate toward foods which give you the most calories per dollar…Not only are the empty calories cheaper, but healthy foods are becoming more and more expensive. Vegetables and fruits are rapidly becoming luxury good," said Dr, Adam Drewnowski, lead research author.
I concur. I love Whole Foods (WFs) but it wasn't nicknamed "Whole Paycheck" for nothing. And it's not just WFs, organic fruit and vegetables, free-range and grass-fed meats, non-genetically modified foods, wild-caught fish, and foods free of high fructose corn syrup, antibiotics, growth hormones, artificial sweeteners and preservatives are more expensive where ever you can find them.
Coming up on Friday….Part 3: A look at culture
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Childhood Obesity: Facts
- Obesity is determined by the Body Mass Index (BMI). Children with a BMI over the 85th but less than the 95th percentile are considered overweight. Children with a BMI greater than the 95th percentile are considered obese Learn More
- According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, the obesity rate in children has doubled over the past 20 years. The obesity rate in adolescents has tripled.
- A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found childhood obesity to be more prevalent among low-income and children of color.
- The Centers for Disease Control reports that black and Hispanic children have higher rates of obesity than non-Hispanic white children.
- Experts believe that parents will outlive their children as a result of (childhood) obesity-related diseases and conditions.
- Obese children have a higher risk of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance.
- Obese children have a higher risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes.
- Obese children can develop gallstones and fatty liver disease.
- Sleep apnea, asthma and trouble breathing are common conditions in obese children.
- Obese children are more likely to experience low self-esteem, negative body image and depression.
- Obese children are teased or bullied more than non-obese children.
- According to The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity (2007), obese children perceive the most immediate consequence of being overweight as social discrimination.
